«St. Paul’s Cathedral»

St. Paul’s Cathedral is situated in the City of London. It was designed by Sir Christopher Wren (1632s 1723) who was not only an architect but also one of the best geometers of his day, a mathematician and astronomer.

It took Wren 35 years to build the Cathedral which is the greatest of English Churches. It is considered to be a fine specimen of Renaissance architecture.

The Cathedral is 515 ft long and 180 ft wide. Its famous dome is the largest church dome in the world after St. Peter’s in Rome.

The Cathedral is Gothic in plan but the details are classic Renaissance. In one of the twin baroque towers there is one of the largest bells in the world, Great Paul, weighting 17, 5 tons.

Inside there is a wonderful mixture of architectural work, paintings, mosaics and statues which are monuments to generals and admirals who are buried there and among them admiral Nelson and the Duke of Wellington (under his command the army of the allies defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815).

When Christopher Wren was 90 he was carried here once a year so that he could see his beautiful work. He himself is buried in the Cathedral. There is no monument to Christopher Wren but on his tomb in the centre of the Cathedral there is an inscription which reads: “If you seek a monument, look around”. The inscription is in Latin.

St. Paul’s Cathedral was partly destroyed in 1941 by a direct hit from bombs. After the war it was restored.

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dome – купол

I. The text is about …

1) the interior of St. Paul’s Cathedral.

2) Sir Christopher Wren.

3) Renaissance architecture.

4) Christopher Wren’s masterpiece.

II. Complete the sentence according to the text.

In one of the towers of St. Paul’s Cathedral one can see …

1. one of the largest bells in the world.

2. the monument to Christopher Wren.

3. the tombs of Nelson and Wellington.

4. the largest church dome in the world.

III. Choose the right sentence.

1. St. Paul’s Cathedral was designed by Sir Christopher Wren who was not only an architect but also one of the best writers of his day.

2. The dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral is the largest church dome in the world after St. Peter’s.

3. The Cathedral is Gothic in plan but the details are baroque and classic Renaissance.

4. Christopher Wren is buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral, where there is a beautiful monument to him with an inscription in Latin.

IV. What explain the inscription: “IF you seek a monument, look around”?

1. Christopher Wren needed no monument but his beautiful work - St. Paul’s Cathedral.

2. Christopher Wren is buried there (there is a grave of his in St. Paul’s Cathedral).

3. There are many remarkable things in the Cathedral to look at.

4. In the Cathedral there are many monuments to famous people.

V. Arrange the sentences according to the text.

1) Christopher Wren was carried here once a year.

2) St. Paul’s Cathedral was restored after World War II.

3) It took Wren 35 years to build the Cathedral.

4) Great Paul weight about 17, 5 tons.

1) 4, 3, 2, 1 2) 3, 1, 2, 4 3) 3, 4, 1, 2 4) 1, 4, 3, 2

VI. Which word is different?

1) church 2) cathedral 3) monastery 4) residence

TEST II.
The City

The City occupies a site which was Norman London. It is a very small part of London (only one square mile). About ten thousand people live in the City but about 500,000 of them work there.

The City can still show the remains of its defensive wall and some other signs of the Roman time. In other parts of the City almost every stone, every wall, every house is Saxon or Norman or connected with some famous man, book or historical event.

The City of London was described by a Roman historian as a “busy emporium for trade and traders” and this description could have been applied to it at any time since then. The City still remains one of the most important commercial centres in the world.

All the principal streets lead to the heart of the City, which is represented by three buildings: the Mansion House, the Royal Exchange, the Bank of England.

The Mansion House is where the Lord Mayor lives. This is a big house built in 1739s53 which reminds us of Greek temple. The Lord Mayor also receives the guests of London there.

The Bank of England or as the Londoners call it “The Old Lady” is 250 years old and is a huge building seven storeys high. It is one of the most important banks in the world.

The Royal Exchange has been burnt down three times by fire and three times rebuilt. It is a place of business and public meetings.

There are also a lot of insurance companies, offices and churches in the City.

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emporium - центр

temple - xpaм

I. The text is about ...

1) historical and business importance of the City.

2) Lord Mayor's residence.

3) principal business buildings of the City.

4) the territory and the population of the City.

II. Complete the sentence according to the text.

The City is a commercial and business part of London as ...

1) about ten thousand people live there.

2) all the principal streets lead to the heart of the City.

3) it is an area with a long history.

4) many offices, insurance companies, banks are concentrated there.

III. Choose the right sentence.

1) The City is a recently built part of London where one can't see any signs of ancient time.

2) The Mansion House reminds us of a Greek temple.

3) Many people live in the City but only a few of them work there.

4) Londoners call the Royal Exchange “The Old Lady” because it is a huge building seven storeys high.

IV. Find the wrong statement.

1) The Mansion House is a residence of Lord Mayor.

2) The Lord Mayor receives the guests of London in the Mansion House.

3) The Mansion House was built in the eighteenth century.

4) There are a lot of insurance companies and offices in the Mansion House.

V. Arrange the sentences according to the text.

1) The City of London was described by a Roman historian.

2) In the City one can see many signs of the Roman time.

3) The Royal Exchange has been burnt down three times by fire.

4) All the principal streets lead to the heart of the City.

1) 4, 1, 2, 3 2) 2, 1, 4, 3 3) 4, 2, 3, 1 4) 1, 2, 4, 3

VI. What word is different?

1) famous 2) well-known 3) notorious 4) popular

TEST III.
William Shakespeare (1564s – 1616)

William Shakespeare, the greatest English writer of drama, was born in 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon. We do not know everything about Shakespeare’s early life. But we know that he studied at the Grammar School in Stratford, and that lie became interested in the theatre when lie was still a boy.

In 1586 Shakespeare went to London, where he worked in the theatre for some years before he began to write his own plays.

Shakespeare soon became well-known in London literary circles. Every play that he wrote was good news to the people of the capital. Queen Elizabeth liked Shakespeare's plays, and the actors were often invited to play before the Queen and later before King James - a great honour in those days. By the end of the 16th century, Shakespeare and his friends had enough money to build their own theatre - the famous Globe Theatre.

But we must not think that Shakespeare had no difficulties in his life. Less talented writers, whose plays were worse than his, often quarreled with Shakespeare and attacked him, the actors in his own theatre sometimes turned against him.

People in our Country love and honour Shakespeare. Many say that they love him for his wonderful optimism: in his light comedies and even in his tragedies lie seems to promise a better and brighter future for all mankind.

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I. The text is about ...

1) Shakespeare's life.

2) the life of English people in Shakespeare's time.

3) the queen's and king's life.

4) the writers who lived in England in the 16th century.

II. Complete the sentence.

Shakespeare was especially good at...

1) novels.

2) detective stories.

3) mystery plays.

4) dramas.

III. Find the wrong statement.

1) In his childhood Shakespeare got interested in the theatre.

2) The King and the Queen of England liked his plays.

3) Shakespeare was widely known only for his Globe Theatre.

4) Shakespeare had difficulties in his life.

IV. Answer the question.

What kind of man was Shakespeare?

1) He was a man who liked to quarrel with people.

2) He was a man who was fond of saving money.

3) He was a man who tried to perform only in the king's palace.

4) He was a man who had wonderful optimism.

V. Why do you think Shakespeare is well-known throughout the world?

1) He was an English writer.

2) His actors disliked him.

3) He built his own theatre.

4) He wrote a lot of brilliant plays.

VI. Choose the synonym to the underlined word.

People in our country love and honour Shakespeare.

1) envy 2) respect 3) read 4) remember

TEST VI

Shaw Wrote a Play

Once a poor flower-girl, quite by chance, overheard a conversation between two gentlemen. One of the gentlemen was a professor of pho­netics. He was saying to the other that he could teach an uneducated person to speak good English. The girl was very much interested in what they were talking about. She tried to hear every word.

The fact was that she had for a long time been thinking of learning to speak correctly, and now she saw an excellent chance for herself. If she improved her manner of speaking the owners of the big flower shop would give her a job. She asked the two gentlemen to buy a few flowers from her and tried to speak to there but they didn't listen to her and soon went away.

The next day the girl came to the professor's house and asked him to give her lessons. The professor was very much surprised. At first he refused to teach her, saying that it was no use even trying, but then he agreed.

The results of the first lesson were poor. She couldn't produce proper English sounds and was tired of endless exercises. But soon the processor discovered that she was a clever girl. She took a great interest in her lessons and never missed a chance of practicing the sounds. As a result, her English became so good that the people who met her thought that she was a real lady.

The story of the girl can be found in one of Bernard Shaw's most popular plays.

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to refuse - отказывать

proper – правильные

I. The text is about ...

1) a poor girl who worked hard at her English.

2) the work of the professor of phonetics.

3) the lilt of the rich gentleman.

4) the work of the flower-girl.

II. Complete the sentence according to the text.

The flower-girl wanted to...

1) get money from the two gentlemen.

2) learn where the two gentlemen lived.

3) take phonetics lessons.

4) give phonetics lessons.

III. Find the wrong statement.

1) The professor of phonetics gave lessons.

2) The flower-girl wanted to get a good job.

3) The professor could teach anyone to speak good English.

4) The professor wanted to get money from the girl.

IV. Answer the question.

What kind of man was the professor?

1) He was a man of his word.

2) He was a famous man.

3) He was a lazy man.

4) He was a poor man.

V. How can you explain why the girl started visiting the professor's house?

1) She wanted to find a rich husband.

2) She wanted to get a job in his house.

3) She wanted to improve her phonetics.

4) She wanted to spend time with a nice mail.

VI. Choose the synonym to the underlined word.

She never missed a chance of practicing the sounds.

1) an occasion 2) an opportunity 3) an event 4) a case

TEST V

Although modern football began in nineteenth-century England, the English didn't invent football: they simply gave it rules. Human beings have always liked kicking round objects. Two and a half thousand years ago the Chinese played a game called Tsu-Chu, which means `to kick a ball made of leather with the feet'.

A Roman stone carving from Yugoslavia, from around the year 200 AD, shows a man holding a type of football and the Greeks are known to have played a game called episkyros. Although the details are unknown, it's certain that these games were all played by two teams.

There are records of football being played in the twelfth century on the streets of London. King Edward Il banned (stopped) it in 1314, saying, `There is a great noise in the city caused by hustling (fighting) over large balls'. Later kings also banned the game without much success. By the sixteenth century it had become very rough (dangerous). Most games were played in villages with as many as 500 people in each team. They played from midday until sunset.

By the nineteenth century only the rich private schools were playing football. Each had its own set of rules which made games between schools impossible. In 1862 a set of ten rules were written down - five of these are in use today. The first competition cup, the Football Association Cup, was started in 1872. League football began in 1888 and teams formed all over England, involving everyone, not just the rich. By 1900 English sailors had taken the game to other countries. In 1930 the first World Cup match was played: it was won by Uruguay. (England didn't enter until 1950). Now the World Cup is the focus of football. The final match is watched on TV by almost half the world's population. Football is certainly the world's most popular sport.

(From “Catch”)

I. Choose the title to the text.

1) The invention of football game.

2) The most popular sport.

3) The history of football.

4) The first World Cup match.

II. Choose the right sentence.

1) Tsu Chu is a Chinese handball.

2) King Edward II was fund of playing football.

3) Episkyros was played by two teams.

4) Football game was unknown in England in the 12th century.

III. Complete the sentence according to the text.

King Edward II banned (stopped) the game in 1314 because of...

1) a great noise in the city.

2) bad weather.

3) his illness.

4) its unpopularity.

IV. Find the wrong answer to the question.

Why did football games become very dangerous by the l6th century?

1) Too many people took part in playing football.

2) The game was played without rules.

3) People played football from midday until sunset.

4) Villagers were fond of playing football.

V. Answer the question.

Who won the first World Cup match?

1) English sailors took part in the first World Cup match and won it.

2) The first World Cup match was won by China.

3) British team won the first World Cup match.

4) The winner of the first World Cup match was Uruguay.

VI. What word is different?

1) game 2) play 3) match 4) competition

TEST VI.

There is no sporting event in Britain enjoying greater attraction than the boat race.

Rowing has a long history in England. It was first started in the l8th century. At that time the boats took part in processions on the Thames. In the 19th century people started to use the boats for racing not only in London, but also in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The first boat race between these two famous schools took place at Henley in 1829. Nearly every year since then there has been a boat race between Oxford and Cambridge Universities.

It takes place on the Thames during the spring vacation at the end of March or the beginning of April.

The crews of the boats, chosen from the members of the college Boat Club, train together for twelve weeks before the race. There are eight oarsmen and a cox in each boat. They are known as Blues because they wear blue jackets called blazers.

The Boat Race is a London festival. On Boat Race Saturday the banks along the Thames and the bridges are crowded with people who come out to watch the race. Those who stay at home watch it on TV. However, even those with no particular interest in rowing like to know the result of the Boat Race.

At Oxford and Cambridge those students who represent their university in some sport are awarded “a blue”, that is, the right to wear a blue cap and scarf (dark blue for Oxford, light blue for Cambridge). This gives them great social position.

I. Choose the title to the text.

1) London festival

2) The Thames

3) Sporting event

4) Boat Races

II. Choose the right sentence.

1) Rowing a boat has a long tradition in England.

2) Rowing is a new kind of sport in England.

3) Boat races between Oxford and Cambridge take place twice a year.

4) People started to use the boats for racing in Oxford in the 18th century.

III. Find the wrong answer to the question.

When do boat races between Oxford and Cambridge take place?

1) during the spring holidays

2) in May

3) at the beginning of April

4) at the end of March

IV. Complete the sentence according to the text.

On a day of Boat Race the banks of the Thames are full of people because...

1) rowing has few fans.

2) Boat Race is an exciting competition.

3) people want to know what has happened.

4) many people want to go boating.

V. Answer the question.

Who is allowed to wear “a blue”?

1) the winners of the Boat Race

2) the participants of the Boat Race

3) the members of the Boat Clubs

4) the students who represent their university in some sport

VI. What word is different?

1) crew 2) oarsmen 3) cox 4) blazer

TEST VII.

With the words “Elementary, my dear Watson...” the most famous detective of all times, Sherlock Holmes, starts to explain something to his friend, Dr. Watson. That phrase has now entered the English language

Sherlock Holmes first appeared in 1882. He became famous in ‘The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes”. After that came the whole series of books about him: “The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes”, “The Return of Sherlock Holmes”, “The Hound of the Baskervilles” and many others. Many thousands of books about Sherlock Holmes are still sold every year.

Who invented Sherlock Holmes? Arthur Conan Doyle was his inventor. He was a doctor. In 1882 he moved from Scotland to England to set up a practice. One of the doctors he worked for, Dr. Joseph Bell, was the model for Sherlock Holmes's friend, Dr. Watson. Conan Doyle's medical knowledge was a great help to him in his detective stories.

Conan Doyle started the fashion of tile detective story. Today the fashion goes on.

And what sort of man is Sherlock Holmes? We learn a lot about him from the stories in which he appears. He is a quiet man, who only speaks when he has something to say. He smokes a pipe (he has a collection of them). He plays the violin. He carries a large magnifying glass. He lives at 221B Baker Street in London.

If you go to London, you will not be able to find 221 B Baker Street. But instead, you can go to a pub called the “Sherlock Holmes”. In that pub there is a room exactly like Sherlock Holmes's room at 221B Baker Street as described in Conan Doyle’s stories. On the walls there are drawings from the original editions about Sherlock Holmes.

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magnifying glass – увеличительное стекло

I. The text is about ...

1) Sherlock Holmes's work.

2) the most famous detective and his inventor.

3) Dr. Watson's medical practice.

4) Conan Doyle's education.

II. Choose the right sentence.

1) Dr. Watson was Dr. Bell's assistant.

2) Dr. Watson was Conan Doyle's friend.

3) Dr. Watson was Conan Doyle's book character.

4) Dr. Watson was Sherlock Holmes's relative.

III. Find the wrong statement.

1) Dr. Watson was Sherlock Holmes's friend.

2) Conan Doyle was a doctor.

3) There is 22l B Baker Street in London.

4) The fashion of the detective stories goes on.

IV. Complete the sentence.

Conan Doyle is known to everybody as...

1) the author of books about Sherlock Holmes.

2) a talented doctor.

3) a good friend of Dr. Joseph Bell.

4) a man who opened a pub in Baker Street.

V. Answer the question.

When did Sherlock Holmes use the phrase “Elementary, my dear Watson “?

1) after he gave Watson the explanation of his guess

2) if he wanted Watson to investigate the crime himself

3) before he began to explain something to Watson

4) if Watson asked him how to find the criminal

VI. Choose the title to the text.

1) Doctor Watson and Sherlock Holmes

2) Conan Doyle and Dr. Joseph Bell

3) Conan Doyle's Family

4) Conan Doyle and His Characters

TEXT VIII.

On a beautiful afternoon, in a year long gone, a big ship set out on its first voyage from England to America. It was a new ship called the “Titanic”.

For two days the “Titanic” went on its way over the sea. Then entered an ice-field and was hit by an iceberg.

Everyone was told to come out of their rooms. The men were putting the lifeboats over the sides of the ship down into the water. Then all the women and children were helped into the lifeboats.

A woman came to the side of the ship. Her two children were in oil, of the lifeboats, and she was very much afraid.

“My children are in the lifeboat. I must go with them!” the woman called to the people in the lifeboat.

“There's no more room,” someone called out. “If we take one more the lifeboat will sink.”

There was a young woman in the lifeboat called Miss Evans. When she heard the woman calling, she stood up in the lifeboat and touched one of the men on the arm.

“Let me get back on to the ship,” she said. “Let that woman take my place. I have no children.”

“The ship is sinking,” said the man. “You know that?”

There was no time to talk. People helped Miss Evans to get back on to the ship. Very soon after that there was a great noise, and the “Titanic” went down under the water.

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set out - отправился

called out – воскликнул

I. The text is about ...

1) a voyage from England to America.

2) brave sailors.

3) a new ship called the “Titanic” .

4) The courage of Miss Evans.

II. Choose tile right sentence.

1) The “Titanic” left America.

2) The “Titanic” went to England.

3) The “Titanic” left for America.

4) The “Titanic” sailed in the direction of England.

III. Complete the sentence.

In the lifeboat there was ...

1) not a room for a single person.

2) nobody to take care of the children.

3) no food and water.

4) not enough fresh air.

IV. Find the wrong statement.

1) Miss Evans was a young woman.

2) Miss Evans knew that the ship was sinking.

3) Miss Evans had no children.

4) Miss Evans got into another lifeboat.

V. Answer the question.

Why did Miss Evans get back to the ship?

1) She left her documents there.

2) She wanted to continue her voyage.

3) She gave her place in tile lifeboat to the children's mother.

4) She thought that the lifeboat could sink.

VI. Choose the title to the text.

1) The “Titanic” Voyage

2) A Courageous Woman

3) In the Ocean

4) A Big Iceberg

TEST IX

Family Affairs

Jane is twenty-one years old. She works at an office in the centre of London. She is a typist. Although her work is over at five o’clock in the afternoon she comes home rather late. Lane is going to marry a respectable gentleman who is fifteen years older than she is. But her mother is upset about it. She doesn’t think that Jane can be happy with Mr. Dobson. She wants her daughter to marry a younger man.

One evening Jane comes home at eleven o’clock in the evening. Mrs. Ogden is still up. She comes into the hall to meet her daughter.

“I don’t want you to marry Mr. Dobson,” she says.

“What do you mean?” the daughter asks.

“I think it’s better if you marry a man who hasn’t so much money.”

“Oh, that’s all right”, the daughter says. “He is not going to have so much money for long.”

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to be upset – быть расстроенным

I. Why does Jane come home late?

1) She works overtime.

2) She meets her boyfriend.

3) She visits her friends.

4) She has German classes.

II. How many years is Jane’s fiance older than she is?

1. 20 years

2. 15 years

3. 10 years

4. 5 years

III. Who does Mrs. Ogden want her daughter to marry?

1. a younger man

2. an older man

3. a richer man

4. a foreigner

IV. What’s wrong with Mr. Dobson in the mother’s opinion?

1. He doesn’t love Jane.

2. He has no house of his own.

3. He is poor.

4. He has a lot of money.

V. Mrs. Ogden is still up means:

1) Mrs. Ogden doesn’t want to sleep.

2) Mrs. Ogden is not sleeping.

3) Mrs. Ogden isn’t going to bed.

4) Mrs. Ogden is still upstairs.

TEST X

The Discovery of America

Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. He was born in Italy. His father and both grandfathers were cloth makers. Columbus was a seaman and made many sea voyages.

Most people in Columbus ‘s days thought that the earth was flat and they did not believe that beyond the Atlantic Ocean lay India.

In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain gave Columbus money to go to India. He decided to sail west as he was sure that our planet was round. There were 3 caravels: the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta. After sailing 4,000 miles he reached some land. The crew saw something like a white cliff and cried out: “Tierra! Tierra!” Columbus thought that it must be India but it was not. It was a new land – a new continent. It was America. Columbus named the land they reached San Salvador (“Holy Savior”). People began to speak about the land as “The New World”.

European people came to the New World for many reasons. Some hoped to find gold and silver. Priests and missionaries came to bring to Christian religion to the Indians. Among those who came for freedom was a small group of English people called Pilgrims. They wanted to start a new life and to have no religious problems they had in English. In 1620 on the ship “Mayflower” they landed in the northeast of America. They set up a colony and called that part of the country “New England”.

I. Write if the following information is true (T) or false (F):

1. The USA was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

2. Columbus was a cloth maker.

3. Most people in Columbus’s days believed that beyond the Atlantic Ocean lay India.

4. Columbus sailed 4,000 miles to reach a new land.

5. All European people came to the New World to find gold and silver.

6. The first English settlers in America called Pilgrims set up a colony.

II. Answer the following questions in Russian:

1. Who discovered America?

2. The King and the Queen of what country gave Columbus money for voyage?

3. How many caravels were there?

4. How did Columbus name the land he had reached?

5. What reasons did European people come to the New World for?

6. How did the Pilgrims reach America?

TEST XI
Family Affairs

Jane Ogden is twenty-one years old. She works at an office in the centre of London. She is a typist. Although her work is over at five o'clock in the afternoon she comes home rather late. Jane is going to marry a respectable gentleman who is fifteen years older than she is. But her mother is upset about it. She doesn't think that Jane can be happy with Mr. Dobson. She wants her daughter to marry a younger man.

One evening Jane comes home at eleven o'clock in the evening.

Mrs. Ogden is still up. She comes into the hall to meet her daughter.

“I don't want you to marry Mr. Dobson,” she says.

“What do you mean?” the daughter asks.

“I think it's better if you marry a man who hasn't got so much money.”

“Oh, that's all right’, the daughter says. “He is not going to have so much money for long.”

I. Answer the questions).

1. Why slurs Jane come home late?

1) She works overtime.

2) She meek her boyfriend.

3) She visits her friends.

4) She has German classes.

2. How many years is Jane's fiance older than she is?

1) 20years

2) 15 years

3) 10 years

4) 5 years

3. Who does Mrs. Ogden want her daughter to marry?

1) a younger man

2) an older man

3) a richer man

4) a foreigner

4. What's wrong with Mr. Dobson in the mother's opinion?

1) He doesn't love Jane.

2) He has no house of his own.

3) He is poor.

4) He has a lot of money.

II. Find the sentence with the Complex Object.

1) She doesn't think that Jane can be happy with Mr. Dobson.

2) “I don't want you to marry Mr. Dobson,” she says.

3) She comes into the hall to meet her daughter.

4) “He is not going to have so much money for long.”

III. Mrs. Ogden is ‘still up’ means:

l) Mrs. Ogden doesn't want to sleep.

2) Mrs. Ogden is not sleeping.

3) Mrs. Ogden isn't going to bed.

4) Mrs. Ogden is still upstairs.

TEST XII
Going in for Sports

At the end of the week Father usually gets good ideas. Last Saturday when he was looking through the newspaper he found an article about skiing. He read it and said: “I don't remember when we last went skiing. What about trying it tomorrow?”

Everybody liked the idea so we started our preparations immediately. All of us wanted to look smart. Jane took out her sports clothes. Mother sent me out to buy skiing caps. When I came back she was mending Father's old trousers. She got angry when she saw the caps as they were all the same colour.

Late at night our clothes were ready and we could go to bed.

At 10 o'clock in the morning I suddenly woke up. The women were still sleeping. “Wake up everybody,” I shouted. “Stop joking in a silly way,” Mother said from her bedroom. “What about skiing?” I asked Father who was coming out of the bathroom. He paid no attention to my words. At breakfast he was reading his morning newspaper as usual and suddenly exclaimed: “Look, they say, swimming is the best way of losing weight. What about trying it?”

I. Answer the questions.

1. Where did the father get his idea of skiing from?

1) a newspaper article

2) a television programme

3) a sports review

4) a radio report

2. Why did the family start their preparations immediately?

1) They were a sporty sort of people.

2) They wanted to look smart.

3) They liked the idea of skiing.

4) They didn't want to waste time.

3. What happened in the morning?

1) The family went skiing.

2) The family went swimming.

3) The family was ready for skiing.

4) The family wasn’t going to ski.

4. What did the father say to the boy's question about skiing?

1) He asked him to stop joking.

2) I le didn't say anything.

3) He told the so that he didn’t like the idea of skiing.

4) He answered that they would go skiing next Saturday.

II. Find the sentence with the verb in the Past Continuous.

1) I don't remember when we last went skiing.

2) “Stop joking in a silly way,” Mother said from her bedroom.

3) At breakfast lie was reading his morning newspaper as usual.

4) Swimming is the best way of losing weight.

III. To ‘mend’ trousers means:

1) to clean

2) to wash

3) to press

4) to repair

TEST XIII

Blind people can learn to type by feeling the keys but they can't find and correct a mistake. In order to help blind people use a computer Dr. Tom Vincent has made a system that reads aloud what has been typed.

He added a voice to a cheap microcomputer. "The computer is programmed to repeat each letter as it is typed and to read what is displayed on the computer screen - it can be a letter, a word or whole sentences. It is programmed to pronounce English words. If a word is not in its memory the computer spells it. Any mistakes can easily be corrected. When the text is complete, a printed copy can be made in the usual way.

The system has won a prize and is already in use, so blind students at a college in Wales can use computers. Dr. Vincent is now working at an optical sensor that can recognize printed words and read them aloud.

I. Choose the title to the text.

1) Dr. Vincent's help

2) Talking typewriter

3) Computers for Welsh students

4) Correction system

II. Complete the statements according to the text.

1. It is difficult for blind people to use a computer because ...

1) they can't spell English words.

2) they can't see and correct mistakes on the screen.

3) they can't learn to type.

4) they can't work with CD User Guide.

2. Dr. Tom Vincent has made a system that ...

1) easily corrects mistakes.

2) makes printed copies in the usual way.

3) reads aloud what is displayed on the computer screen.

4) can translate what has been typed into any foreign language.

3. Dr. Vincent is now developing a new optical system that ...

1) can recognize and read aloud printed words.

2) is programmed to repeat each letter as it is typed.

3) can be used at a college in Wales.

4) will win a prize.

III. Find the sentence with the verb in the Present Indefinite Passive.

1) It can be a letter, a word or whole sentences.

2) "The system has won a prize and is already in use.

3) It is programmed to pronounce English words.

4) If a word is not in the memory the computer spells it.

IV. Choose the correct form.

Some years ago blind students at a college in Wales ... use computers.

1) can

2) can't

3) could

4) couldn't

TEST XIV

The phonograph was invented quite by accident. In 1876 Thomas Edison moved to Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he established an industrial research laboratory. There Edison worked on a carbon telephone transmitter to improve the existing Bell system.

In that laboratory a year later Edison invented the phonograph while trying to improve a telegraph repeater.

He attached a telephone diaphragm to the needle in the telegraph repeater to produce a recording that could be played back. After some improvements to the machine he recited “Marry Had a Little Lamb” and played the recognizable reproduction of his voice back to the astonished audience.

____________

phonograph – фонограф

carbon transmitter – микрофон с угольным электродом

diaphragm – мембрана

I. Choose the title to the text.

1) Thomas Edison's research laboratory

2) Improvements in the Telephone and Telegraph

3) The history of Menlo Park

4) A Surprise Invention

II. Complete the statements according to the text.

1. File invention of the phonograph ...

I) was quite unplanned.

2) was Edison's principle project.

3) was surprising to no one. 4) took many years.

2. The phonograph was made ...

1) with a telephone needle and a recorder.

2) from only a telephone diaphragm.

3) with only a telegraph repeater.

4) from a combination of telephone and telegraph parts.

3. After Edison made improvements to the machine, he ...

1) made the reproduction of his voice recognizable.

2) used a carbon transmitter.

3) read a children's rhyme.

4) reproduced the audience's voice.

III. Find the sentence with the verb in the Past Indefinite Passive.

1) A year later Edison invented the phonograph while trying to improve a telegraph repeater.

2) There Edison worked on a carbon telephone transmitter to improve the existing Bell system.

3) The phonograph was invented quite by accident.

4) He recited “Many Had a Little Lamb”.

IV. Choose the synonym to tile underlined word.

He played the recognizable reproduction of his voice back to the astonished audience.

1) frightened

2) amazed

3) irritated

4) tired

TEST XV
Charlie Chaplin

This is a story that Chaplin liked to tell about himself. It happened after the great actor had become world famous.

A theatre announced that a competition would be held to see who could act like Charlie Chaplin. Those taking part had to dress like Chaplin, walk like Chaplin and act one of the roles in a Chaplin film.

When Charlie Chaplin heard about the competition he decided, as a joke, to take part in the competition himself. Naturally, he kept his plan a secret from everybody.

When the results of the competition were announced Chaplin said: “1 didn't know whether to feel angry or only surprised. I didn't win the first prize. But after thinking about it, I decided that it would be best to laugh.”

I. Complete the statements according to the text.

1. This is a story which...

1) Chaplin was fond of telling.

2) is written by Chaplin's friend.

3) was announced at the competition.

4) happened before Chaplin had become world famous.

2. People who took part in the competition had to...

1) sing songs.

2) keep it a secret.

3) imitate Chaplin's manners.

4) dance.

3. When the results of the competition were announced Chaplin learnt that...

1) his new film was a success.

2) lie had won the first prize.

3) lie had not won the first prize.

4) he had won the second prize.

4. When Chaplin learnt the news lie decided...

1) to be angry.

2) to keep it a secret.

3) to tell everybody about it.

4) to laugh.

II. Find the wrong sentence.

1) Chaplin didn't take pail in the competition.

2) Chaplin didn't allow to hold this competition.

3) Chaplin didn't know about the competition.

4) Chaplin didn't tell anybody about his plans.

III. Choose the synonym to the underlined word.

Those taking part had to dress like Chaplin, walk like Chaplin and act one of the roles in a Chaplin film.

1) play

2) picture

3) cinema

4) performance

TEST XVI

A few years ago I lost all my money in some business operations. So I decided to go to Lympne and write a play. This unwritten drama was my little reserve for a rainy day. This rainy day had come.

I got a cottage near the sea. The window at which I worked looked over the marsh, but the view on the marsh was beautiful. It was from this window that I first saw Mr. Cavor. He was a short man. He was gesticulating with his hands and often looked at his watch. This happened on my first day in Lympne. Next evening the man reappeared, and again the next evening and almost every evening when there was no rain.

On the fourteenth evening when he appeared I went to the place where he always stopped. “One moment, sir,” said I, “is it your time for exercises?” “Yes, it is. I come here to look at the t”. We talked a little, then wished each other good evening and both went our way.

(After H. G. Wells)

_____________

marsh – болото

I. Complete the statements according to the text.

1. The author wanted to write a play because lie...

I ) needed money.

2) had nothing to do.

3) wanted to open some business.

4) wanted to become famous.

2. The author first saw Mr. Cavor...

I) when it was raining hard.

2) from the window of his study.

3) on his second day in Lympne.

4) when he was walking over the marsh.

3. The author first talked to Mr. Cavor...

1) two weeks later.

2) three days later.

3) after the sunrise.

4) the same day when lie saw him.

II. Choose the correct article.

After our first talk I knew little about Mr. Cavor. But I understood that he was ... serious man.

1) the 2) - 3) a 4) an

III. Choose the correct variant.

The author lost ... money in some business operations.

1) little 2) a little 3) many 4) much

IV. ‘For a rainy day’ means:

1) на случай дождя

2) на всякий случай

3) на черный день

4) на будущее

TEST XVII

One evening Mr. Cavor invited me to see his work and l went to his house. It was large and simply furnished. Mr. Cavor had no servants, there were only his three assistants who helped him in his work. But all the intellectual work was done by Mr. Cavor. The object of Mr. Cavor's research was a substance that had to be «opaque» to all forms of radiant energy. “Radiant energy”, he told me “is something like light, or heat, or Rontgen rays.” He thought he would be able to make such substance with the help of a new element which he had found.

Since that day we met almost every evening. Mr. Cavor lectured me on physics and I learnt a lot of interesting and unusual things.

His ideas interested me very much and I could not work at my play any longer. My head was busy with other things. I thought how to apply this substance to every branch of industry. Some days later I went to Mr. Cavor and told him that I wanted to be his fourth assistant.

substance – вещество

opaque – непроницаемый

rays – лучи

I. Complete the statements according to the text.

1. The author went to Mr. Cavor's laboratory because...

1) he wanted to know everything about Mr. Cavor's invention.

2) Mr. Cavor invited him.

3) he wanted to speak to Mr. Cavor about the play he was writing.

4) he wanted to write an article about Mr. Cavor.

2. Mr. Cavor's object of research work was...

1) a kind of radiant energy.

2) light, heat and Rontgen rays.

3) a new element.

4) a new substance.

3. Since the day of the author's visit to Mr. Cavor's laboratory...

1) the author got very interested in Mr. Cavor's invention and wanted to describe it in his play.

2) the author could not work at his play any longer.

3) Mr. Cavor asked him to become his fourth assistant.

4) they seldom met.

II. Choose the correct articles.

... possibilities of ... Substance opaque to heat and gravitation had no limits.

1) a, the 2) -, the 3) the, a 4) the, the

III. Change the sentence from Passive into Active:

All the intellectual work was done by Mr. Cavor.

1) Mr. Cavor had done all the intellectual work.

2) Mr. Cavor has done all the intellectual work.

3) Mr. Cavor did all the intellectual work.

4) Mr. Cavor was doing all the intellectual work.

IV. ‘To apply’ means:

1) to use 2) to sell 3) to offer 4) to examine

TEST XVIII

After inventing dynamite Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich mail. However, he realized its destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.

Nobel's original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest of this sum is used for tile awards which vary from $30,000 to $125,000.

Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma and money) are presented to the winners.

No awards were presented from 40 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes.

I. Answer the questions.

1. When did the first award ceremony take place?

1) in 1895 2) in 1901 3) in 1962 4) in 1968

2. Why was the Nobel prize established?

1) to recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity

2) to resolve political differences

3) to honor the inventor of dynamite

4) to spend money

3. In which area have people received awards since 1968?

1) literature 2) peace 3) economics 4) science

4. In how many fields are prizes given?

1) four 2) five 3) six 4) tell

II. Find the wrong statement.

1) Alfred Nobel became a very rich man after inventing dynamite.

2) Nobel preferred to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite.

3) Awards vary in monetary value. 4

) Some people have won two awards.

III. Choose the correct variant.

Americans have won numerous science awards, but ... literature prizes.

1) many 2) little 3) much 4) few

TEST XIX

Mr. Sellyer is selling books

One day I went to a bookshop to look through the new books. The manager of the bookshop, Mr. Sellyer, showed me to the back of the bookshop where I could find some interesting books.

While I was looking through the books, I could watch Mr. Sellyer at work and see some of his methods.

Every customer who entered the shop went away with the book Golden Dreams. To one lady the manager sold Golden Dreams as the reading for a holiday, to another as the book to read after the holiday, another bought it to read on a rainy day and the fourth as the right book for a fine day. Every time Mr. Sellyer recommended the book to his customers he added that his wife said that the book Golden Dreams was the best book of the season and he also liked it very much.

When I was leaving the bookshop I went up to the manager and asked him, “Do you like the book yourself?”

“Dear me!” said the manager, “I've no idea of the book, I've no time to read every book I'm selling.”

“And did your wife really like the book?”

“I am not married, sir,” answered the manager smiling.

(After Stephen Leacock)

I. Complete the statements according to the text.

1. The author came to Mr. Sellyer's shop...

1) to buy the book Golden Dreams.

2) to see Mr. Sellyer and his wife.

3) to find some interesting book.

4) to speak to Mr. Sellyer about the customers.

2. Mr. Sellyer recommended the book Golden Dreams to his customers because...

1) he was load of the book.

2) his wife enjoyed reading the book.

3) he wanted to sell the book.

4) the book was new and interesting.

3. When I asked Mr. Sellyer if he liked the book he answered that...

1) he preferred humorous books and this book was a love story.

2) he liked it very much because it was the right book for a rainy day.

3) he thought it was the best book for holiday time.

4) he didn't know anything about the book as he hadn't read it.

II. Find the right statement.

1. 1) Mr. Scllyer and his wife liked the book Golden Dreams very much.

2) Mr. Scllyer's wife didn't like the book Golden Dreams.

3) Mr. Sellyer's wife said that the book Golden Dreams was tile best book of the season.

4) Mr. Sellyer didn't have a wife and he didn't know anything about the book Golden Dreams.

2. 1) Every customer who entered the shop went away with Golden Dreams.

2) Nobody bought the book Golden Dreams.

3) Only one lady decided to buy the book Golden Dreams because the manager told her that it was a love story.

4) Everybody wanted to buy the book because the critics said that it was the best book written by the writer.

III. Choose the correct variant.

The manager answered smiling that...

1 ) he is not married. 3) he hadn't been married.

2) he was not married. 4) he hasn't been married.

TEST XX

The University of Cambridge was founded in the twelfth century. It was formed on the model of European continental universities, in particular that of Paris. Until the fifteenth century the history of Cambridge was not as significant as that of Oxford. But by the end of the seventeenth century the University was the home of Isaac Newton - professor of mathematics from 1669 till 1702 whose influence was deep and permanent. At that time serious tests were offered to the candidates for degrees. During the early part of the nineteenth century examinations were greatly improved and written examinations were more often used than oral ones.

In the 19th century there were built a number of laboratories for natural sciences, among them the Cavendish Laboratory opened in 1871, which was organized by the well-known Scottish mathematician and physicist James Clerk Maxwell. It was named after the English scientist of the 18th century Henry Cavendish.

Today it is one of the greatest physical laboratories known throughout the world. The Laboratory is widening its contacts with the leading research centres in other countries.

I. Complete the statements according to the text.

1. The University of Cambridge was founded according to...

1) the model of Oxford University.

2) the model of European continental universities.

3) the plan of Isaac Newton.

4) the plan of Henry Cavendish.

2. In the 19th century the candidates for degrees more often had to...

1) write serious tests.

2) take oral examinations.

3) work in one of the laboratories of the University.

4) take pail in some research projects.

3. The Cavendish Laboratory is known throughout the world because...

1) James Clerk Maxwell and Henry Cavendish worked there.

2) it is more than one hundred years old now.

3) it has contacts with the leading research centres in other countries.

4) many research conferences were held there.

II. Find the right statement.

1. 1) Cambridge University was as significant as Oxford from the very beginning of its foundation.

2) Cambridge University was not very significant at the time of its foundation.

3) Cambridge University was not very significant until the laboratories for natural science had been built.

4) Cambridge University was not as significant as that of Paris.

2. 1) The Cavendish Laboratory was named after the German scientist of the 18th century Henry Cavendish.

2) The Cavendish Laboratory was named after the English scientist of the 17th century Henry Cavendish.

3) Tile Cavendish Laboratory was named after the English scientist of the 18th century James Maxwell.

4) The Cavendish Laboratory was named after the English scientist of the 18th century Henry Cavendish.

III. Find the wrong variant.

1) In the 19th century new laboratories for natural sciences were built.

2) In the 19th century there were many laboratories for natural sciences.

3) In the 19th century a lot of laboratories for natural sciences were opened.

4) In the 19th century a few laboratories for natural sciences were closed.