Конспект урока «Passive Voice» по английскому языку для 8 класса
Form: 8
Date:
Theme: Passive Voice
Aims: 1. to teach children to use the new grammatical theme words in their speech;
2. to develop skills of writing and speaking by using Passive Voice;
3. to bring up to be attentively.
The visual aids: cards.
The Basic part
I Organization moment.
1. Greeting. Good morning, class! How are you? Sit down, please. Who is on duty today? Who is absent today?
2. Warm up.
II The main part
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Introduction.
To tell the children the theme and the aims of the lesson.
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Grammar.
The passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations:
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When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours.
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When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours.
The passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse."
We use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what becomes the subject in subsequent sentences.
Passive Verb Formation
The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design."
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past | ||
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Present | The car/cars | is | are | designed. |
| Present perfect | The car/cars | has been | have been | designed. |
| Past | The car/cars | was | were | designed. |
| Past perfect | The car/cars | had been | had been | designed. |
| Future | The car/cars | will be | will be | designed. |
| Future perfect | The car/cars | will have been | will have been | designed. |
| Present progressive | The car/cars | is being | are being | designed. |
| Past progressive | The car/cars | was being | were being | designed. |
Verbals or verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive).
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Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor.
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Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother.
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Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right.
The same is true of passive gerunds.
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Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill.
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Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss.
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Object of pre"Times New Roman, serif">of being lectured to by my boss.
With passive participles, part of the passive construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial phrase.
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[
Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways.
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Time to relax.
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Card.
Look at the card # 1, there are some sentences; your task is to turn the following sentences into the passive. Then check each other.
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People always admire his picture.
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He hurt his leg in an accident.
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No one has opened this box for the last hundreds years.
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People used the Tower of London as a prison.
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Somebody built this bridge last year.
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No one has ever beaten my brother at tennis.
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Reading.
Look at the next card, there is a text with the gaps; your task is to read and to choose the correct form of each verb. Active or Passive
What Is Wonderful About the Brain?
Inside your head is a remarkable organ, the brain. You use it to understand and remember things that 1 (to happen) around you. The brain is soft and spongy. It 2 (to make up) of billions of tiny parts called cells. Three coats or membranes 3 (to cover) the brain.
The brain sometimes 4 (to call) the busiest communication centre in the world. The brain 5 (to control) your body functions and keeps all parts of your body working together. Thousands of messages from all parts of the body 6 (to send) to and from the brain. Messages 7 (to carry) to the brain by sensory nerves. Special places, or centers, on the brain receive sensory messages from all parts of the body. When messages 8 (to receive) by centers, the brain 9 (to interpret) them. All day long your muscles and your brain 10 (to work). By the end of the day they 11 (to be tired). Then your brain and your muscles 12 (to start) to relax. Before long, you go to sleep. As you sleep, the big muscles in your body relax.
1. A) are happened B) are happening C) happens
2. A) is made up B) makes up C) made up
3. A) is covered B) covered C) cover
4. A) is called B) has called C) calls
5. A) is controlled B) controlled С) controls
6. A) send B) are being sent C) has sent
7. A) are carried B) was carried C) carried
8. A) are received B) will be received C) will receive
9. A) is interpreted B) interpreted C)interprets
10. A) are worked B) is worked C) are working
11. A) have be tired B) are tired C) are being tired
12. A) are started B) started C) start
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Test.
Look at the cards there are some sentences; your task is tell: Active into Passive. Which sentences cannot be turned from Active into Passive? Read the sentences one by one and tell:
A) passive form is possible
B) passive form is impossible
1. They didn't ask her name.
2. Michael saw Mary in the park.
3. Has anyone answered your question?
4. They danced all night.
5. On Sunday evening we all met at my friend's.
6. Someone told us a funny story yesterday.
7. You can't park your car in the street before this office.
8. This kind of flowers doesn't bloom very often.
9. His parents have brought him up to be polite.
10. This plane from Los Angeles was several hours late.
11. The fire has caused considerable damage.
12. My shoes don't fit me.
13. People must obey the law.
14. He was having a bath.
15. A famous designer will decorate the hall.
III The end of the lesson.
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Home task. Open your diaries and write down the home task. Your home task will be to write these sentences by using Passive voice.
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Putting marks. You were very active today at the lesson.
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Reflex ion. What did we talk about?
What the new words did you have today?
Тексерілді _________________
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past | ||
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Present | The car/cars | is | are | designed. |
| Present perfect | The car/cars | has been | have been | designed. |
| Past | The car/cars | was | were | designed. |
| Past perfect | The car/cars | had been | had been | designed. |
| Future | The car/cars | will be | will be | designed. |
| Future perfect | The car/cars | will have been | will have been | designed. |
| Present progressive | The car/cars | is being | are being | designed. |
| Past progressive | The car/cars | was being | were being | designed. |
What Is Wonderful About the Brain?
Inside your head is a remarkable organ, the brain. You use it to understand and remember things that 1 (to happen) around you. The brain is soft and spongy. It 2 (to make up) of billions of tiny parts called cells. Three coats or membranes 3 (to cover) the brain.
The brain sometimes 4 (to call) the busiest communication centre in the world. The brain 5 (to control) your body functions and keeps all parts of your body working together. Thousands of messages from all parts of the body 6 (to send) to and from the brain. Messages 7 (to carry) to the brain by sensory nerves. Special places, or centers, on the brain receive sensory messages from all parts of the body. When messages 8 (to receive) by centers, the brain 9 (to interpret) them. All day long your muscles and your brain 10 (to work). By the end of the day they 11 (to be tired). Then your brain and your muscles 12 (to start) to relax. Before long, you go to sleep. As you sleep, the big muscles in your body relax.
1. A) are happened B) are happening C) happens
2. A) is made up B) makes up C) made up
3. A) is covered B) covered C) cover
4. A) is called B) has called C) calls
5. A) is controlled B) controlled С) controls
6. A) send B) are being sent C) has sent
7. A) are carried B) was carried C) carried
8. A) are received B) will be received C) will receive
9. A) is interpreted B) interpreted C)interprets
10. A) are worked B) is worked C) are working
11. A) have be tired B) are tired C) are being tired
12. A) are started B) started C) start
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Test.
Active into Passive. Which sentences cannot be turned from Active into Passive? Read the sentences one by one and tell:
A) passive form is possible
B) passive form is impossible
1. They didn't ask her name.
2. Michael saw Mary in the park.
3. Has anyone answered your question?
4. They danced all night.
5. On Sunday evening we all met at my friend's.
6. Someone told us a funny story yesterday.
7. You can't park your car in the street before this office.
8. This kind of flowers doesn't bloom very often.
9. His parents have brought him up to be polite.
10. This plane from Los Angeles was several hours late.
11. The fire has caused considerable damage.
12. My shoes don't fit me.
13. People must obey the law.
14. He was having a bath.
15. A famous designer will decorate the hall.
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right B) wrong
1. By four o'clock Nick was tired of fishing.
2. These bushes have grown so high that they block the window.
3. Since all our matches had soaked when the boat turned over we could not make a fire.
4. Joan's face was covered with scratches and his clothes was torn and dirty.
5. The plane wasn't delayed in Colorado.
6. The letter has to sign the chief of police.
7. Peaches can be bought here for 10 p each.
8. Jim laughed as he fell into the water.
9. The meeting was to be continued after luncn.
10. He was such a good runner that he could be caught.
11. It was obvious that the order couldn't be controlled by authorities.
12. The passes through the mountains were often block with snow during the winter.
13. These lilac bushes should being trimmed.
14. It was impossible to tell what was in the can, for the label has been torn off.
15. A calendar tells you how each month will divide into weeks.
16. I hope they will have been received the papers by tomorrow afternoon.
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