Презентация "Перевод эмфатических и элиптических конструкций" – проект, доклад

Перевод эмфатических и элиптических конструкций

СГТУ 2016

Эмфатическая конструкция

- синтаксическая конструкция, которая служит для выделения того или иного члена предложения.

Инверсия - это

Изменение обычного порядка слов в предложении с целью выделения тех или иных его членов; нарушение обычного порядка слов, обусловленное логичными, стилистическими или ритмическими требованиями.

Типы инверсии

1. вторая часть сказуемого (Participle I, II), существительное с предлогом или прилагательное + be(is, are) + подлежащее. E.g. The fundamental principles of alternating current are presented in this chapter. Included are the basic principles of some alternating current machines.

2. обстоятельство(only, never before, no longer, not until + вспомогательный глагол + подлежащее + смысловой глагол E.g. Never before has a new class of weapon been attended so much publicity as a guided missile.

3. союз (nor, neither, so) + вспомогательный глагол + подлежащее + смысловой глагол E.g. Carbon dioxide does not burn, nor does it support combustion. Weight and lift are closely associated, so are thrust and drag.

4. прилагательное с as или though + подлежащее + сказуемое E.g. This new branch of science, young as it is, touches on many important practical applications. Strange though it may seem, these systems have similar tactical duties to perform.

Инверсия в придаточных условия и времени

1. В придаточных 1го типа используется вместо if на первое место выходит should: E.g.: If you require further details, please contact our public information office. – Should you require further details, please contact our public information office. 2. В придаточных 2го типа используется вместо if на первое место выходит were: E.g. If I were in your place, I would do this work myself. - Were I in your place, I would do this work myself. 3. В придаточных 3го типа используется вместо if на первое место выходит had: E.g. If he had known the subject better, he wouldn’t have failed in his exam. - Had he known the subject better, he wouldn’t have failed in his exam.

Выделительные конструкции

it + be +акцентируемая часть+that, which, who+определительное придаточное e.g.: If there has been a quarrel, it is Robert who has shot Mark. It was due to Anna's good sense that a cautious letter was written to the uncle in Berlin suggesting that Cecilie should be taken away.

Эллиптические конструкции - это

неполные придаточные предложения, которые, как правило, состоят из союза и прилагательного или существительного ( с предлогом или без предлога). Они не имеют одного или двух главных членов предложения: сказуемого9или его части) или сказуемого и подлежащего.

Виды эллиптических конструкций

1. В ЭК с союзами (although, though, if, once, when, while) опускаются подлежащее и глагол-связка (be): E.g.: A bullet cannot alter its course, while in flight. 2. В ЭК с уступительными союзами (whatever, no matter how, however) опускается сказуемое may be и иногда подлежащее. E.g.: Whatever the shape of the magnet, it has two poles. No matter how weak the initial impulse, it gives the body a forward motion.

Перевод эллиптических конструкций

Whatever the method (size)… Каков бы ни был метод(размер) Независимо от метода (размера) No matter how strong… Каким бы прочным ни был Независимо от прочности However simple (difficult)… Каким бы простым(сложным) ни был Независимо от простоты (сложности)

3. В ЭК с союзами if, where, when + прилагательное (-able, -ible) опускается подлежащее и глагол-связка be E.g. If (when, where) necessary If (when, where) possible 4. В ЭК с союзами if any (if anything) опускается оборот there is(are) – if there is any E.g. The nucleus determines the radioactive properties, if any of the atom.

Translate the following sentences with emphatic inversion

1. It is the program that ensures the execution of all operations assigned to the computer. 2. It is the programmist that is the connecting link between the computer and the problem it has to solve. 3. It was not until the 20th century that electronic computers were constructed and put into operation. 4. It was 50 years ago, when the first relay machine, capable of adding two 23-digit numbers in 0.3 sec was completed.

Change the following sentences using the inversion and translate them into Russian.

1. If it were necessary to increase the speed of this particular engine, it could be achieved by using a special device. 2. If the road had been better, we should have been here in due time. 3. If the engineer had been informed of the results before, he would have allowed you to repeat the test. 4. If we had used new methods, we should have saved much time. 5. The plan would not have been fulfilled in time if the people had not worked with such energy. 6. If the oil supply had stopped even for a moment, serious damage might have resulted. 7. If die mechanic were there, he would repair the equipment. 8. If the air within the cylinder were motion less, only a small proportion of the fuel would find enough oxygen. 9. If the book on that subject were available in our library, I should be able to make a good report. 10. If he had all the necessary materials, he would accomplish his model m time.

Translate the following sentences with the inversion.

1. Discussed in this chapter are some of the general characteristics inherent to semiconductors. 2. Included in this section is a description of a typical airborne liquid oxygen system. 3. Shown on the photo is the equipment available at many airports to start piston-engined aircraft. 4. Described in this book are all the rockets space-probing craft including the sputniks. 5. Associated with each electron is. a wave, which is propagated in the direction of the motion of the electron.

Translate the following sentences with the elliptical construction.

1. Though invisible in themselves, ultraviolet rays can be utilized in the production of light. 2. Although a medium-small star, the Sun is ever a thousand times as massive as Jupiter. 3. When at its greatest distance from the Earth, Mars is about half as bright as the Polar star. 4. The observations provide definite evidence that the atmosphere on Mercury must be of extreme rarity, if any at all.5. Once in the air, the jet aircraft is relatively simple to fly, owing to the presence of controls. 6. The fact is that V-2, although a tremendous achievement was primitive by comparison with many modern guided missiles.